【一起来玩RTOS系列】之RT-Thread 信号量作为锁用于临界区访问

bigfanofloT · 发表于 2017-12-2 13:24:44

锁，单一的锁常应用于多个线程间对同一临界区的访问。信号量在作为锁来使用时，通常应将信号量资源实例初始化成1，代表系统默认有一个资源可用。当线程需要访问临界资源时，它需要先获得这个资源锁。当这个线程成功获得资源锁时，其他打算访问临界区的线程将被挂起在该信号量上，这是因为其他线程在试图获取这个锁时，这个锁已经被锁上（信号量值是0）。当获得信号量的线程处理完毕，退出临界区时，它将会释放信号量并把锁解开，而挂起在锁上的第一个等待线程将被唤醒从而获得临界区的访问权。

因为信号量的值始终在1和0之间变动，所以这类锁也叫做二值信号量，如图所示：

接下来在机智云 gokit开发板上创建和使用信号量作为锁实现资源的互斥访问，程序中创建初始值为1的信号量，三个相同优先级的线程等待获取信号量并使用同一个缓冲区，然后打印字符串。

/**
****************************************************
* File Name : main.c
* Description : Main program body
****************************************************
** This notice applies to any and all portions of this file
* that are not between comment pairs USER CODE BEGIN and
* USER CODE END. Other portions of this file, whether
* inserted by the user or by software development tools
* are owned by their respective copyright owners.
*
* COPYRIGHT(c) 2017 STMicroelectronics
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
****************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "STM32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "usart.h"
#include "gpio.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "rtthread.h"
#include "string.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
//重映射串口1到rt_kprintf
void rt_hw_console_output(const char *str)
{
/* empty console output */
char aa='\r';
rt_enter_critical();
while(*str!='\0')
{
if(*str=='\n')
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&aa, 1, 10);
}
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)(str++), 1, 10);
}
rt_exit_critical();
}
void rt_hw_us_delay(int us)
{
rt_uint32_t delta;
/* 获得延时经过的tick数 */
us = us * (SysTick->LOAD/(1000000/RT_TICK_PER_SECOND));
/* 获得当前时间 */
delta = SysTick->VAL;
/* 循环获得当前时间，直到达到指定的时间后退出循环 */
while (delta - SysTick->VAL< us);
}
void rt_hw_ms_delay(int ms)
{
int i=0,j=0;
for(j=0;j<ms;j++)
{
for (i=0;i<2;i++)
rt_hw_us_delay(500);
}
}
/*
* 程序清单：信号量作为锁实现资源互斥访问。
*
*/
/* 指向线程控制块的指针 */
static rt_thread_t tid = RT_NULL;
struct rt_semaphore sem;
char str[11];
/* 线程1入口 */
void thread1_entry(void* parameter)
{
while(1)
{
rt_sem_take(&sem, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
strcpy(str,"gokit demo");
rt_kprintf("thread1: %s\n",str);
rt_sem_release(&sem);
}
}
/* 线程2入口 */
void thread2_entry(void* parameter)
{
while(1)
{
rt_sem_take(&sem, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
strcpy(str,"Gokit Demo");
rt_kprintf("thread2: %s\n",str);
rt_sem_release(&sem);
}
}
/* 线程3入口 */
void thread3_entry(void* parameter)
{
while(1)
{
rt_sem_take(&sem, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
strcpy(str,"GOKIT DEMO");
rt_kprintf("thread3: %s\n",str);
rt_sem_release(&sem);
}
}
/* USER CODE END 0 */
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/
// /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
// HAL_Init();
// /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
// /* USER CODE END Init */
// /* Configure the system clock */
// SystemClock_Config();
// /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */
// /* USER CODE END SysInit */
// /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
// MX_GPIO_Init();
// MX_USART1_UART_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
rt_sem_init(&sem, "sem", 1, RT_IPC_FLAG_FIFO);//初始化信号量,初值为1
/* 创建线程1 */
tid = rt_thread_create("thread1",
thread1_entry, /* 线程入口是thread_entry */
RT_NULL, /* 入口参数是RT_NULL */
512, //堆栈大小
2, //优先级
20);//时间片
if (tid != RT_NULL)
rt_thread_startup(tid);
/* 创建线程2 */
tid = rt_thread_create("thread2",
thread2_entry, /* 线程入口是thread_entry */
RT_NULL, /* 入口参数是RT_NULL */
512, //堆栈大小
2, //优先级
20);//时间片
if (tid != RT_NULL)
rt_thread_startup(tid);
/* 创建线程3 */
tid = rt_thread_create("thread3",
thread3_entry, /* 线程入口是thread_entry */
RT_NULL, /* 入口参数是RT_NULL */
512, //堆栈大小
2, //优先级
20);//时间片
if (tid != RT_NULL)
rt_thread_startup(tid);
printf("\r\n机智云只为智能硬件而生\r\n");
printf("Gizwits Smart Cloud for Smart Products\r\n");
printf("链接|增值|开放|中立|安全|自有|自由|生态\r\n");
printf("www.gizwits.com\r\n");
printf("\r\nGokit RT-Thread Demo\r\n\r\n");
return 0;
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
// while (1)
// {
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
//
// }
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/** System Clock Configuration
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure the Systick interrupt time
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);
/**Configure the Systick
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);
/* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void _Error_Handler(char * file, int line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
while(1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
/**************** (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics ****END OF FILE***/

复制代码

串口打印信息如下：

源码下载：

Gokit_RT-Thread.zip (8.7 MB, 下载次数: 1, 售价: 1 金钱)